Risk Assessment Is the Health, Safety and Environmental Management Coursework

Hazard Assessment Is the Health, Safety and Environmental Management - Coursework Example This paper investigates the techniques for chance distinguishing proof that are appropriate to the wellbeing, security, and ecological issues. Conceptualizing is a strategy utilized over all orders to recognize chance. Gatherings of experts meet up and verbally recognize the dangers that are in their divisions. In this technique, all the individuals included should be educated and well outfitted with the general information so they can value the assessments of the others. Significant documentation is required after the conceptualizing exercise with the goal that the data can be put away for use in the assessment work out. Meetings can likewise be utilized to recognize dangers that will undoubtedly happen in a specific field of intrigue. Precautionary measure ought to be assumed the sort of individual interviewee since it influences the unwavering quality of the sort of data that will be gathered. It is typically prompted that a meeting is completed after a meeting to generate new ide as to have fitting inquiries to pose in the meeting. In any case, interviews are constrained to the abilities of the facilitator and along these lines he/she ought to be equipped in completing meetings. Analyses can be performed to recognize a hazard. In the wellbeing segment, tests can be performed on creatures that have response trademark like those of people. In the earth tests can be saved, tests performed on them, and the consequences of the analyses used to recognize a hazard. Dangers can be recognized by perusing reported information. Investigates were done beforehand and information from books and diary is a significant wellspring of data in chance distinguishing proof. In any case, the analyst ought to be wary when utilizing this information to guarantee that it is important and from a believable source. A great deal of examination has been done in the wellbeing and wellbeing part and the reported data could offer arrangements in distinguishing dangers. Recorded verifiable information that is generally acknowledged as a reality could be utilized in hazard distinguishing proof

LINGUISTICS Essays - Articles, Academic Disciplines, Linguistics

Etymology The word Linguistics' has been gotten from the Latin lingua (tongue) and istics (information or science). Etymologically, along these lines, etymology is the logical language. In any case, it is the investigation not of one specific language yet of human language as a rule. It examines language as a widespread and unmistakable piece of human conduct. It endeavors to depict and investigate language. The field of semantics includes under-remaining of the spot of language in human life, the manners by which it is composed to satisfy the requirements it serves, and the capacities it performs. So etymology is that science which considers the birthplace, association, nature and improvement of language illustratively, verifiably, similarly and unequivocally, and defines the general standards identified with language. Diachronic (authentic) phonetics contemplates the improvement of language through history, through time, for instance, the manner by which French and Italian have advanced from Latin. Semantics, in this manner, is the science that portrays and characterizes dialects. The etymologist distinguishes and portrays the units and examples of the sound framework, the words and morphemes, and the expressions and sentences, which is the structure of language, as totally, precisely, and monetarily as could reasonably be expected. Semantic LEVELS Semantics levels' methods the degrees of language structure. There is an extensive contrast among the linguisticians about the number and wording of semantic levels. Robert Hall (1969: 32) suggests the levels-phonology (phonemics-phonetics), morphology and language structure. R.H Robins (1971: 11) makes reference to phonology, sentence structure and semantics. Hockett (1973: 137-138) advocates the accompanying five levels which he calls subsystems: The Grammatical System: a supply of morphemes, and the courses of action where they happen; The Phonological System: a load of phonemes, and the assignments wherein they happen; The Morphophonemic System: the code which integrates the linguistic and the phonological framework; The Phonemic System: the manners by which arrangements of the phonemes are changed over into sound waves by explanation of a speaker, and are decoded from the discourse signal by a listener; The Semantic System: This partners different morphemes, and courses of action in which morphemes can be put, with things circumstances, or sorts of things and circumstances. Hockett calls the initial three of the above focal subsystem, and the last two fringe subsystems. Such a marking of names, be that as it may, ought not lead one to disarray. There are no fundamental contrasts about the structure of language. Such a characterization is finished by the etymologist for comfort in the investigation of the topic, for example language which is an intricate marvel. Every one of these levels are between related parts of his topic, regularly covering. Any partition or arrangement ought not be treated as inflexible or misty. An etymologist needs to depict human language, and people don't utilize only each degree of it in turn. There are three parts of language action, or three kinds of example in language, the material, the basic and the natural prompting three separate phonetic levels-SUBSTANCE, FORM AND CONTEXT. The substance is the crude material of language; sound-related (PHONIC substance) or visual (GRAPHIC substance). The structure is the association, the inner structure, it is language + lexis. The setting is the connection among structure and circumstance, which we call meaning (Semantics). The phonetic science needs to clarify language at all these levels. These levels are clarified beneath: Phonics. Phonics is the investigation of discourse forms including the life systems, nervous system science and pathology of discourse, the verbalization, arrangement and impression of discourse sounds. Phonetics is an unadulterated science and need not be concentrated according to a specific language, yet it has numerous commonsense applications for example in phonetic translations, language showing language instruction, correspondences designing. A few phoneticians believe phonetics to be outside the focal center of semantics legitimate, yet most would incorporate it under the heading etymology science'. The semantic parts of phonetics, i.e., the investigation of sound frameworks of specific dialects are a piece of phonology. - 32385033655 The investigation of phonetics can be partitioned into three primary branches, ARTICULATORY PHONETICS, the investigation of the development of the discourse organs in the enunciation of discourse, ACOUSTIC PHONETICS, the investigation of the physical properties of discourse sounds, for example, recurrence and adequacy in their transmission, and AUDITORY PHONETICS, the investigation of hearing and the recognition discourse sound. Research facility Phonetics.

A Comprehensive Guide to Crying on Campus

A Comprehensive Guide to Crying on Campus You trudge out of Walker after your third midterm this week, disheartened and hoping that the test will be ridiculously curved it couldn’t just have been you who did bad, right? You want to sleep, preferably for around 24 hours to catch up with all the sleep you’ve missed this week. Seriously, when’s the last time you went to bed before 5 AM? But alas, your wish is to go unfulfilled. You have another midterm tomorrow morning at 9 AM, a pset due at noon, and a lab due at 5 PM. You haven’t started working on any of them, and it’s already around 9:45 PM. If you’re like me, you’re probably undergoing what I like to call This Is Fine Syndrome, a condition in which the sole symptom is verbal/mental repetition of the phrase, “This is fine”, when in reality, stuff probably looks a little more like this: I imagine everybody here has felt like this some time in the past two weeks, and it’s definitely a normal thing to feel. MIT is hard, and some days are harder than others. There are some mornings when it’s difficult to force yourself out of bed, and there are some nights when you probably just want to cry, which is fine. Crying is healthy from time to time and nobody will judge you for it. So if you ever find yourself in need of a cry but don’t know a good place for it, I’ve got you covered. This map originated from a poll taken last year by Casie Chen ‘17, who asked the ec-discuss mailing list where people have cried/recommend crying on campus. Most of the answers included fairly standard locations rooms, bathrooms, dorm lounges, or with a friend. The other places (which are marginally more public than one’s own room) are mapped above. The three most popular places that people have cried on campus were: MIT Medical: Building 66: Stata (and the Stata amphitheater, shown in the picture): The most recommended place to cry on campus was the Cheney Room: Please keep in mind that these results are preliminary the results in this particular poll are fairly East Campus centric (as evidenced by the concentration of crying spots on the right of the map). We need all of you to help us expand the list of places to be sad, so fill out this survey and let us know your favorite locales for a good semi-public cry. And post pictures in the comments! I personally haven’t had a good cry yet, but when I do, it will probably be in one of the lounges on my floor at East Campus, the East Campus music room, or in Barker library (the one under the dome!), which is where I go when I really need to get work done. If you’d like to cry with me, feel free I’ll bring tissues. The East Campus music room, where you can probably find me crying/angrily singing: The full results from last year’s poll can be found here, if you’re interested. Depending on how many poll results come back in, there will be an updated map up sometime later this year!

Analysis Of The Poem Drown By Junot Diaz - 1561 Words

To practice machismo, also known as masculinity in a Dominican culture, males have to hide their flaws and act a certain way. If men express their un-masculine nature, they will be seen as expressing their weakness. In Drown written by Junot Dà ­az, contains many stories about Dominican Republic male struggles as an immigrant in America. One of the struggles Dà ­az expresses in his text is appearing masculine in society’s eyes. From the story â€Å"Drown†, the unnamed narrator expresses what it means to be masculine. â€Å"Boyfriend† is a story about another unnamed narrator observing his neighbor’s relationship, and comparing it to his own past. Yunior, the narrator of the story â€Å"Negocios†, explains the history of his father Papi, also known as Ramà ³n. Society creates many definitions for what it means to be masculine, leading the narrator from â€Å"Drown†, the narrator from â€Å"Boyfriend†, and Ramà ³n struggling to choos e between doing what they want for themselves, or do what society wants to see. Being superior can lead to a dangerous relationship. From the story â€Å"Drown†, the narrator’s best friend Beto is about to go to college while the narrator still have a year left to go. During their hang out at a pool, the narrator mentions a word that Beto does not know while they are swimming. Beto demands the narrator to tell him the definition but he refuses. This causes Beto to become furious and pushes the narrator under the water. The narrator explains, â€Å"He was stronger than me and held me down

Analyse the poem The Eolian Harp by Samuel Taylor...

The Eolian Harp by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, can be described as the musings of a man thinking about his love for his wife Sara, the beauty of nature and about the wonder of God in providing him with both nature and Sara. The voice of the poem is Coleridge himself as it refers to Sara, his wife at the time of writing. It is a Romantic poem as it deals with a mixture of traditional Romantic themes: those of strong feelings, the importance of the imagination and the idea of the sublime, and the natural world. The Eolian Harp is written in blank verse and has an irregular split into two verse paragraphs, one long, one short. The form is lyrical as it deals with a mans thoughts and emotions but it is often written in a conversational style,†¦show more content†¦The end of each line needs and makes more sense once the next line has been read. In opposition to this quickening of pace is the use of caesura to cause a sudden thought provoking stop in the middle of a line:The stilly murmur of the distant SeaTells us of Silence. (l.11-12)The effect of using this technique at this point brings the thought to mind that we only truly hear the noise of the sea when all else is silent. This sudden stop and silence seems a perfect way to introduce the main theme as from this point on Coleridge talks about the Harp that is to dominate the tone of the poem until the end of the first verse paragraph. Coleridge uses a wonderful section of continuous alliteration from lines 17-20 in order to give depth to the Harp:And now its stringsBoldlier swept, the long sequacious notesOver delicious surges sink and rise,Such a soft floating witchery of sound (emphasis added) (l.17-19)The effect of this continuous use of the s sound creates the effect of a gentle, flowing and moving sound much like the long, delicious, floating sound that Coleridge tries to describe the harp as having. The actual effect of this alliteration is to create a sensual, relaxing tone at this point in the poem. Another technique of emphasis used throughout the poem is the use of imagery. Coleridge personifies the nature around him by comparing it to abstract nouns - the white flowerd Jasmin represents Innocence, the broad-leavd

Reason for Seeking a College Degree Free Essays

The purpose of this essay is to discuss why I chose to seek a college degree, my learning style as discovered by the results of questionnaires, and the fact that I feel the results are accurate for me personally. Everyone has their own individual reasons for pursuing a college degree. For me, it is the desire to become a state Game Warden after retiring from the military. We will write a custom essay sample on Reason for Seeking a College Degree or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being a state Game Warden requires that I have a degree in the biological or wildlife sciences. In a profession like this, it is important that one has a clear and concise understanding of wildlife biology at a collegiate level. To be a viable candidate in this profession, a college degree is necessary to present myself as a competitive individual for the job I am seeking to fill. Whether or not I have on the job training or experience, the college degree will show that I have the knowledge base to help me succeed as a warden. The end goal in my pursuit of a college degree is to not only broaden my scope of knowledge and skills, but to unlock career aspirations that would otherwise be unattainable for me without a degree. But before I put the cart before the horse, graduating with degree in hand requires I truly know myself inside and out. Basically I need to understand what my personal learning style is. Learning styles are not exactly chosen, they are natural and inherent to each learner. According to Felder Soloman (n. d. ) there are several different learning styles: Active, Reflective, Visual, Auditory, Tactile, Sensing, Intuitive, Verbal, Sequential and Global. To find out what kind of learner you are, a simple questionnaire or quiz can be taken to narrow these options down. In taking Felder Soloman’s Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire (n. d. and the Learning Style Inventory (Penn State, 2010) questionnaire, I have discovered that I am an active learner and a visual learner. An active learner is one who gravitates toward interpreting, comprehending, and retaining information in a â€Å"hands on† or active fashion. In other words they discuss or apply and explain the information to others (Felder Soloman, n. d. ). The degree program I am enrolled in is online; which presents me with challenges and difficulties in using the active learning style that I normally rely upon. An alternative to active learning for me is visual, which will serve me well because online course material is something I can see to interpret and retain. Visual learners are those who absorb and maintain information efficiently through methods such as charts, diagrams, pictures, films or demonstrations (Felder Soloman, n. d. ). Suggestions for success as a visual learner include writing out ideas and information for memorization and fully utilizing all course materials, whether they are maps, flashcards, charts or filmstrips (Penn State, 2010). I am someone who always reads the directions prior to completing any task, therefore this fits me perfectly. I fully agree with the results of these questionnaires. I am a mechanic- someone who works day in and day out with my hands. The things I am trying to accomplish or figure out require me to read texts, diagrams and pictures and solve the problem using these resources. I also discuss and apply the information found with those who are masters of the mechanic profession. My reasons for seeking a college degree are simple. I need to hold at minimum at Bachelor’s in the wildlife or biological sciences to reach my goal of being a state Game Warden after retirement from the military. To be successful in this means that I understand I am a visual and active learner, as realized after taking the learning styles questionnaires. References Felder, R. M. , Soloman, B. A. (n. d. ). Index of learning styles. Retrieved from http://www. engr. ncsu. edu/learningstyles/ilsweb. html Penn State. (2010). Learning style inventory. Retrieved from http://www. personal. psu. edu/bxb11/LSI/LSI/htm How to cite Reason for Seeking a College Degree, Papers

Economic Condition of Pakistan free essay sample

Economic condition of Pakistan For the past few years Pakistan has been following the technique of assessment of domestic oil value against the international oil value on a fortnight basis. About 85% of the oil required for domestic uses in Pakistan is imported. Back in the year 2004 various subsidies were given by the government on the oil price as an attempt to protect the citizens from the prospective record fuel costs. It was also an attempt to curb the rate of inflation prevalent in the country. Financing these subsidies, which by the way are considered a birthright by the population of these countries, is a major burden for an emerging economy. For instance according to the estimate of various prominent economists and analysts, that subsidy was costing Pakistan a whooping 14. 5 billion rupees per month. This amounted to around $232 million per month. Not surprisingly as a result the Pakistani government was under major financial stress. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Condition of Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although it has to be acknowledged that recent increases in the industrys cost of production were largely due to rise in other input costs. Industry is paying more for oil and other imported raw materials and capital goods in line with rising international prices and utilities and transportation costs, and wage costs have risen due to the rise in minimum wages. Pakistan’s inflation accelerated in December as local wheat prices rose to a record, pushed up by smuggling of the grain to neighboring Afghanistan. Wheat prices in the Pakistan, the world’s sixth- largest consumer of the grain, have risen by more than 20 percent since November as the government’s failure to curb illegal exports led to a shortage in the domestic market. An 80-kilogram bag of wheat flour sold for a record 2,000 rupees ($32) on Jan. 7 after riots cut supplies. The inflation rate had already reached a record high in January 2008 accompanied by the increase in the consumer prices which leapt to an alarming rate of 11. 9 percent as compared to the previous record rate released by the Federal Bureau of Statistics. It was forecasted than by economists that inflation may climb further as riots which erupted after the Dec. 7 assassination of opposition leader and former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto threaten supplies of wheat and other food staples. That may put pressure on the central bank to increase interest rates. All these factors led to the first ever increase in the price of gasoline and diesel in Pakistan in almost twenty two months. This increase took place on the 1st of March 2008 against the last increase that was witnessed in 2006 in the month of May. The price at that time was raised by 4. 2 percent. Before the current implementation of the increment in oil prices the nationwide price of gasoline was 53. 7 rupees per litre whereas the price of diesel was 32. 57 rupees per litre. The announcement regarding the increase in oil prices in Pakistan was made by The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority. The new prices of gasoline and diesel were increased by 5 Pakistani rupees per litre and 3. 5 Pakistani rupees per litre respectively. The new prices came into effect on 1st March. In June 2008, the headline CPI (Consumer price Index) inflation reached a 30-year high of 21. percent YoY (Year over Year), while food inflation rose to record high of 32 percent. In SBPs (State bank of Pakistan) assessment, the share of structural weaknesses (like energy shortages, supply chain management issues, low productivity etc) dominate the supply side issues compared with the impact of monetary tightening. In order to offset oil prices shocks, the Saudi Government has reportedly decided to give Pakistan a 500 million-dollar grant instead of an oil import facility on one-year deferred payment. If the two countries had agreed on an oil credit facility on one year deferred payment, Saudi Arabia would be providing Pakistan a foreign exchange cushion of six billion dollars. This implicates that Saudi Arabia has agreed to extend a special oil facility to Pakistan (SOF) to the tune of USD $4. 82BN, roughly equating to 110,000 barrels of oil per day or 40 million barrels a year. Apart from this the UAE will continue to provide oil to Pakistan on extended payment terms. Besides, various Saudi companies have also agreed to invest billions of dollars in Pakistan’s infrastructure. The Saudi grant would be the second such concession during the current financial year as the Saudi government had provided 300 million dollars to Pakistan in March to control budgetary gaps. All these announcements should do a lot to boost Pakistan’s economic indicators. For one, it represents almost 50% of the trade deficit and almost instantaneously wipes out the bulk of it. For another, the FDI inflows as a consequence of infrastructure investments will, in the short term, provide additional US$ reserves and in the long term, will add significant capacity to the economy.

Animal Testing Essays (2138 words) - Animal Welfare, Animal Rights

Animal testing is a popular and controversial issue that has sparked numerous debates between each side throughout the years. Animal testing is a form of experimentation that involves testing different products on all kinds of animals to see if they produce any side effects. These products could be make up, drugs, perfume, cleaning products and various other things. In certain countries, the law specifies that a new drug should essentially be tested on at least two different species of live mammal, one of which must be a large non-rodent. (Retrieved from www.buzzle.com on July 30, 2010.) The Animal act states that animals should not be used for testing of drugs if there is a realistic alternative available. However this has not stopped it from being done. Animals have been the test subject for anesthetics to prevent any pain or suffering during surgery on humans. Some of the testing performed on these animals has caused tumors and the results of the testing were found not relevant fo r any human. It has been found that a lot of the substances used in animals metabolize differently than they do in the human body. Therefore the results cannot transfer safely to patients. Lemon juice is one example of this finding; while it is not harmful to humans it is a poison to some animals. These tests are being conducted and are costing billions of dollars to perform and only a handful of them are providing any real kind of result. They are not only wasting their time but they are wasting money on something that isn?t beneficial at all. These animals are being put through torture on the hope that ?something big? will come out of it. The acts these people are performing are inhumane and unjust. Proctor and Gamble is a large well known company and is also one of the companies that participate in animal testing. In 1989 P&G received a lot of press for their use of dogs as test subjects. Since then the company claims to only use rats, mice, rabbits and other small animals for testing. Retrieved from idausa.org on July 30, 2010. The company has not released any facts that support this but they still claim to have reduced their animal usage by up to 90 percent. The company has stated that they continue to look for alternatives to animal testing and feel they are using good scientific, ethical, and business sense with their actions. However they fought a deal in 1987 that would have done away with animal testing by their company altogether. They also tried to convince people that testing on animals is humane and necessary. Retrieved from www.idausa.org on July 30, 2010. Proctor and Gamble makes so many of the products in today?s market and it is hard to compete. However there are many companies that produce the same products and do not participate in animal testing. The bottom line is this company would rather spend billions on advertising and promotion then on alternatives to testing. Looking for alternatives to testing does not benefit them the way that promoting their product does. People are not going to respond to an alternative to testing like they would to a cool new shampoo commercial. None of the tests that they perform are required by law and very few of them actually produce any results. P&G is just one of the many companies that tests it?s product on animals. Cosmetics companies are another key player in the animal testing field. Eye shadows are tested on rabbits to find out how much damage or irritation they cause. Sunscreen is tested on guinea pigs to see how much of an allergic reaction it will provide. Many of these big companies will hire outside companies to avoid any bad publicity for their company. Another unethical decision made by a money hungry company. These companies claim to be protecting the health and safety of humans with their testing. They claim these tests will prove the standards of their products beyond a doubt. However as I stated previously these tests are not an accurate representation of how the product would affect a human. These companies also claim to have a gain on the competition by testing their products on

3 Things You Need to Do Before You Apply For a New Job

3 Things You Need to Do Before You Apply For a New Job If your current job isn’t keeping you challenged and on your toes, stepping out into the field might be a great idea. So take a deep breath, make sure you’re sure you want to quit  your job, and do the following three things. 1. Re-evaluate your current gigWhat did you love about this job? Can you remember why you were excited about it in the first place? What did you learn? These questions will help you to make the best choice about your next gig. By being honest about the good and bad aspects of your current job, you’ll know better what you’re really looking for with your next.2. Don’t burn any bridgesYou need to look for new connections and new mentors, but you also need to keep up the relationships you already have. Be as active as possible in recruiting new talent into your network, and getting yourself out there in your new industry or work group, but don’t let your existing network fizzle. You’ll never know when you might need those contacts.3. Come out in the openThe hardest part will be telling your current boss that you are leaving- or thinking about leaving. But it is much better to be up front about this. It’s the classy and professional move. Your boss will thank you for the lead time to fill your position- and a month to six weeks notice is much better than the standard two.As long as you’re honest with yourself and your current boss, you can walk clear-eyed and contented into your next opportunity.

Business Analytics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Analytics - Assignment Example - Data driven processes often create issues (noise) which are not relevant to the goals of the project. In this respect, logic-driven analytics processes will result in more clear and concise solutions. This depends on the project and the maturity of the audience/stakeholders. In an environment where the KPIs are not already established and the data is not well known, it might be appropriate to start with a logic driven process to focus the process on the most impactful issues. This keeps the noise to a minimum and keeps a project smaller in scope while not creating distractions. A data-driven approach can be added as a second step in this case. In a more sophisticated environment where basic KPIs are established, there is an opportunity to find the hidden levers in a process by using a data-driven process to provide deeper insight. Again, these choices are not universal and depend on the maturity of the audience and company, the quality, availability and knowledge of the data and the appetite of the organization for a complex project - The choice of an analytic model to use does indeed depend on many factors, including the nature of the project and the environment. It is worth noting that both logic driven and data driven models can co-exist and complement each other. In my opinion, a data driven approach is more suited to a situation where the data is not known, since a logic driven approach requires an intimate understanding and anticipation of the data before a model can be constructed. What would an effect hybrid first analytics project look like for an organization that has not approached true analytics in the past and what elements from each methodology would you apply? Assume the organization is relatively mature (in life cycle) but novice in deep analytics and has relatively clean and accessible data as well as well educated users. The main advantage I can see using a logic driven analytics (as one of the requirement) is

Initial Public Offers for Global Firms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Initial Public Offers for Global Firms - Essay Example Initial Public Offers for Global Firms: Risks and Laws for Mitigating the RisksRisks Associated with Global Firms’ IPOsGlobal firms face relatively more challenges when launching IPOs because of the diversity of environments they trade in. For instance, an IPO may face the risk of failure due to negative perceptions by investors of the firm’s country of inception. The legal requirement for full disclosure ensures investor confidence, thereby shielding against this type of risk. Equally, countries face political risk; a risk emanating from a change in host country’s policies towards the country of inception. The Byrd Amendment cautions firms against discriminate treatment on political grounds since such is also the violation of the rights of American investors in a foreign firm (Tolar et al, 2011).Foreign Exchange RisksWhen floating an IPO in a foreign country, there is the relative risk of losing out due to unstable currency exchange rates. To effectively elimina te the risk of losing investment money through currency fluctuations, the management of the global firm may decide to trade in a more stable currency. Alternatively, the firm’s management may decide to price their investments and commodities at prices that reflect the foreign exchange projections over a safe period of time. The firm could also arrange for a forward exchange contract. Â  

Drug and Alcohol Use and Delinquency

Drug and Alcohol Use and Delinquency Engaging in alcohol and other drug use causes not only the juvenile to suffer but as well as their families and their communities causing an increased burden on the juvenile justice system. Due to the potential negative consequences that juvenile drug use poses, considerable effort has been made toward understanding the consequences, prevalence, and causes. Considerable life has been lost to drug abuse and dependence, particularly from the use of alcohol and tobacco. Not only are alcohol, tobacco and other drugs abused, more recently prescription drugs abuse has been on the rise. Prescription drugs account for the second most commonly abused category of drugs, behind marijuana and ahead of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and other drugs. Drug Use and Delinquency Engaging in alcohol and other drug use causes not only the juvenile to suffer but as well as their families and their communities. An increased burden is also placed on the juvenile justice system because of their strong association between substance abuse and delinquency. Most adult drug users report adolescence as the time when drugs were introduced to them. Due to the potential negative consequences that juvenile drug use poses, considerable effort has been made toward understanding the consequences, prevalence, and causes. Considerable life has been lost to drug abuse and dependence, particularly from the use of alcohol and tobacco. Health-related consequences of teenage substance abuse include accidental injuries, physical disabilities and diseases, and the effects of possible overdoses. The danger of contracting HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases increases for substance-abusing youth if they engage in high-risk behaviors. High-risk behaviors include the use of psychoactive substances, particularly those that are injected, or activities resulting from poor judgment and impulse control while experiencing the effects of mood-altering substances. Even death is possible through suicide, homicide, accidents, and illness for youth involved in al cohol and other drugs (Crowe Dickinson, 1997). Hard drug use is indicated in the deaths of 8,000 Americans each year, while alcohol and tobacco use is implicated in the deaths of 130,000 and 440,000 individuals, respectively (Boyd, 2009). Information drawn from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) indicates that drug-related hospital emergency episodes for youth ages 12-17 increased by 17% in 1994 over the rates for 1993. Data from 2005 found that out of the 50,000 12- to 17-year-olds who sought emergency department treatment for medical problems stemming from drug use, only 9,000 sought medical aid for cocaine use (Boyd, 2009). DAWN is a national survey conducted annually by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration to estimate drug-related emergency department visits for various substances (Crowe Dickinson, 1997). According to Boyd (2009), adolescent drug use negatively impacts cognitive, emotional, and social development and has the potential to stunt memory and learning skills. Adolescent drug use poses a significant risk factor for psychiatric disorders, suicide, accidents, pregnancy, truancy, school dropout, delinquency, and drug abuse and dependence during both adolescence and adulthood. According to the National Survey of Drug Use and Health in 2005, less than 200,000 of the 2.1 million adolescents estimated to need drug treatment actually received it. The rate and popularity of drug use among juveniles are captured and monitored by two major surveys: the Monitoring the Future study, previously called the High School Senior Survey, which collects data of the Nationà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s youth from 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students since 1975, and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which collects data from juveniles ages 12 to 18. Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use, which are referred to as soft drugs, are the three most commonly used drugs among youth. Says Boyd (2009) in 2004, almost 20% of youth were estimated to have used alcohol within the past month. Rates of drug use differ along demographic lines. Rates and popularity increase as youth steer through adolescence. Alcohol and tobacco are typically introduced before marijuana which usually leads to the introduction of hard drugs at older ages. Over 40 theories of adolescent drug use have been developed. Most theories are developed from risk factors ste mming from peer, family, school, and community fields of influence that may increase youthà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s risk for drug use. Poor school performance; drug norms and attitudes; delinquency; positive drug expectancies; poor relationships with parents; parental conflict; and association with peers, parents, and other adults who use drugs or espouse drug norms and attitudes have been consistently documented as risk factors for youth drug introduction and use. Racial disparity exists of juveniles in the arrest and formal case processing for drug law violations, with the largest disparity observed between Caucasian and African American youth. African American youth have historically been formally processed at significantly higher rates than Caucasian, even though the average juvenile arrested for violating alcohol or illegal drug laws is a Caucasian 16- to 17-year-old male. Data show that Caucasian youth are less likely to have their drug cases petitioned, be detained and incarcerated, and have their drug cases waived to adult court than youth of other races. For example, in 2002, FBI data indicated that 65% of African American juvenile drug cases were petitioned compared to that of 55% of Caucasian juvenile drug cases. During that year, the proportion of African American youth detained for drug offenses was more than twice that of Caucasian youth (33% vs. 16%), and nearly twice that of youth of other races (17%) (Boyd, 2009). Arthur (2007) has reported that children of neglectful parents are more likely to suffer impaired psychological development and are also at a higher risk of drug and alcohol abuse and delinquency. In the Office for National Statistics study in 2000, 47% of children evaluated as having a mental health disorder had a parent who was likely to have a mental health problem, such as anxiety or depression. Many research studies have found evidence of a strong association between juvenile substance abuse and antisocial behavior in young people. The results of a Home Office research study on drug testing of arrestees found that 11% of 16- to 20-year-olds tested positive for opiates and 5% tested positive for cocaine. Approximately 65% of the sample of 103 young offenders on supervision orders had used cannabis, over 20% had used ecstasy, over 10% had used cocaine and approximately 6% had used heroin, according to the Audit Commission Study. A study of 50 young offenders for a range of offenses that were on probation found that almost all reported lifetime experiences of at least one illicit substance, with an extremely large percentage who had used crack cocaine (38%), heroin (24%), or methadone (14%) in the previous month. According to Arthur (2007), a study done by Collinson found that drug use figured centrally and excessively in the lives of 59% of a sample of 80 young male offenders in custody. Collinsonà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s sample reported figures of 54% for lifetime occurrence of LSD use, 43% for ecstasy and 20% for heroin and cocaine or crack. The Youth Lifestyles Survey supports the finding that juvenile drug use and juvenile offending are associated. Of the serious and persistent offenders aged 12-17, 38% of males and 20% of females admitted to using drugs in the past 12 months, compared to 7% of males and 4% of females for the rest of the cohort. The Youth Lifestyle Survey also found that 75% of persistent offenders reported lifetime use of drugs. In addition to these findings, the survey suggests that the rates of drugs such as crack cocaine and heroin are significantly higher among young serious and persistent offenders than they are to occasionally users. Drug use was highest among the most frequent offenders and lowest in the less frequent offenders according to the Youth Lifestyles Survey. Over half of the sample of the survey agreed that alcohol or drugs had been associated with their offending and 44% said that they sometimes committed crimes to get money for drugs or alcohol. Research indicated that the risk factors for substance abuse and delinquency overlap substantially. These risk factors include poor parental supervision, a disrupted family background, poor psychological well-being, difficulties in school, school exclusion, truancy, low educational achievement, having been abused, having been in care, parental divorce or separation, or having a family member with a criminal record. It has been suggested that substance abuse and delinquency develop together. Thus, links between juvenile offending and drug use may exist because of the shared background of drug abuse and delinquency, rather than because drug use causes offendin g (Arthur, 2007). According to Crowe and Dickinson (1997), a study conducted in 1998 in Washington, D.C., found that youth who sold and used drugs were more likely to commit crimes than those who only sold drugs or only used drugs. Heavy drug users were more likely to commit property crimes than nonusers, and youth who trafficked in drugs reported higher rates of crimes against others. Youth in this sample were most likely to commit burglary or sell drugs while using drugs or while seeking to obtain drugs (Crowe Dickinson, 1997). Prescription drugs account for the second most commonly abused category of drugs, behind marijuana and ahead of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and other drugs (Office of Natural Drug Control Policy). Taking prescription drugs that have not been recommended by a doctor can be more dangerous than people think it is and is considered drug abuse. Prescription drugs can sometimes be easier to get than street drugs or are sold on the street along with. A 2009 survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that prescription drug abuse is on the rise, with 20% of teens saying they have taken a prescription drug without a doctorà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s prescription (KidsHealth 2010). Prescription drugs are only safe for the individuals who actually have prescriptions for them. According to the ONDCP, teens are more likely to misuse prescription drugs, believing that these substances are safer than illicit drugs because they are prescribed by a healthcare profes sional. The most commonly used prescription drugs are opiods such as OxyContin, Vicodin, and Demerol; central nervous system depressants such as Nembutal, Valium, and Xanax; and stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall. During 2006, there were an estimated 741,425 emergency department visits that involved non-medical use of prescription or OTC pharmaceuticals or dietary supplements. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, treatment for prescription painkillers increased more than 400% between 1997 and 2007. Some states have developed prescription monitoring programs, which can help prevent and detect the diversion and abuse of pharmaceutical controlled substances (ONDCP). Preventive factors that can decrease the risk for drug use include attachment to social others; commitment to goals and dreams; and a belief in and respect for laws and authority. The employment of youth drug prevention programs and the enforcement of drug laws are just two major lines of action that are taken to prevent juvenile drug use. Youth drug prevention programs are typically school-based and utilize primary prevention strategies designed to prevent juvenile drug initiation. Drug prevention programs that have been shown to have the most promise for preventing or delaying drug use include those founded on the social influence model (Boyd, 2009).

More Than One Billion Indians: a Gigantic Problem or a Sea of Opportunities

If the 2011 census is to be believed the current population of India is around 1. 21 billion plus or minus a few millions and we all know to which side the scale is going to tip. The Indian population is varied not only on the lines of religion, region but also on the basis of thought process. While on one hand we are facing the problem of land acquisition from the poorest of poor farmers, on the other hand luxury car maker brand Mercedes has shown a sales growth of 67 percent. The huge population of India provides a large service sector which plays a crucial role in developing the economy of a nation. Moreover, 30% of the population is between the ages of 10-24 years which clearly shows the amount of untapped energy that India has. If used and guides correctly this can be used to boost our industrial and structural sectors. The brain drain that India has suffered since last two decades clearly shows that Indians have huge potential and they are just looking for the right niche to develop themselves. Indians have raised themselves from all walks of life and made a mark in fields from astronomy to yoga. On the other hand, the resources that the country has are limited and therefore a burgeoning population restricts the per capita availability. We have seen an increase in the crime rate due to the unavailability of even the most basic amenities. The government has clearly hit the mark by creating employment opportunities for the rural masses through programs such as NREGA, NRLM, etc. But even creating such employment opportunities costs the government a lot of money and resources. The glass can be half empty or half full. We may say we have more than a billion mouths to feed but we forget that we also have more than 2 billion hands to make such a humongous task possible.

The Birth of the American Nation

The American Revolution was not only a battle against the British; it was also a period of transition from a colony to a newly-formed country. Belonging to country that was just liberated from colonial rule, the Americans attempted to apply revolutionary ideology to the building of their nation and the making of their society.They managed to do so by first basing the Declaration of Independence on political freedom, social tolerance and economic opportunity. (http://www. megaessays. com, n. d.) Political freedom played a huge influence on the ideas and ambitions of the revolutionaries and also resulted in social tolerance and economic opportunity. (http://www. megaessays. com, n. d. )Hence, the Declaration of Independence was not a promise or an excuse to wage war with Britain – it was a challenge to the Americans to preserve their sovereignty and develop as a nation. (http://www. megaessays. com, n. d. ) Political freedom for the 13 colonies meant â€Å"breaking away from En gland and being able to develop a sense of identity and a sense of self-government.† (http://megaessays. com, n. d. ) â€Å"Sense of identity and a sense of self-government† referred to a central government that they themselves elected and in whose affairs they have a say. (http://megaessays. com, n. d. ) Indeed, the lack of political representation angered the Americans more than any other atrocity committed against them by the British. (http://megaessays. com, n. d. ) The absence of their opinion in government policy-making allowed the British to enact unjust laws, such as the Sugar Act (1764) and the Stamp Act (1765).The Sugar Act imposed a three-cent tax on imported refined sugar and increased taxes on coffee, indigo and certain types of wine. (http://www. socialstudiesforkids. com, n. d. ) Meanwhile, the Stamp Act required taxation for every printed paper that American colonists used. (http://www. socialstudiesforkids. com, n. d. ) With the 13 colonies free from th e grasp of the British government, the Americans then proceeded to create laws that promoted economic and social liberty. On March 1, 1784, Thomas Jefferson proposed a prohibition on slavery in the entire United States after 1800 (this was narrowly defeated).(http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) On May 8, 1785, the US Congress passed the Land Ordinance of 1785, which divided the northwest territories into â€Å"townships set at 6 square miles, subdivided into 36 lots of 640 acres each, with each lot selling for no less than $640. † (http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) Thomas Jefferson's Ordinance of Religious Freedom (1786) dictated that â€Å"no man may be forced to attend or support any church or be discriminated against because of his religious preference. † (http://www. historyplace. com, n. d.) The first amendment to the US Constitution was later patterned after this regulation. (http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) Despite their nation's independence, the Americans continued using some long-held conventions, laws and customs. For instance, the US Constitution espoused the national government's division into three branches: the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. The legislative branch creates the laws, the executive enforces the laws and the judicial branch interprets the laws. The colonial government has a similar structure. The governor headed the executive branch in each colony.He was â€Å"appointed by the king in the royal colonies, named by the proprietor in the proprietary colonies, and chosen by the voters in the charter colonies. † (www. grazian-archive. com, n. d. ) The governor was assisted by a council (appointed by the same agent that appointed the governor) in administering to the affairs of the colony. The governor (in the royal and proprietary colonies) can also exercise a suspensive (temporary) or full veto upon the colonial legislatures. The legislative branch in the colonial government was a bicame ral unit that was tasked to enact laws.It also had the authority to appoint several administrative officials, starting with the colonial treasurer. (www. grazian-archive. com, n. d) The judicial branch of the colonial government dealt with all cases in the colonies. Colonial judges were either appointed by the king or elected by the people, depending on the type of colony. They were tasked to provide colonists judicial rights that the British people enjoyed at home. (www. grazian-archive. com, n. d) Another long-held convention that the Americans used was the development of individual military institutions for each state.(http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) This ran parallel to Britain, which had separate military units for the colonies and the mother country. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) A civil war broke out in Britain in 1642, resulting in the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords and the relinquishment of power to General Oliver Cromwell and the army. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) Under Cromwell's dictatorship, the size of the military establishment under the British king was limited.This had a negative effect on the colonies, where Cromwell's absolutism fueled distrust of standing armies and the employment of professional soldiers. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) To compensate for the lack of soldiers, the colonies resorted to citizen-soldiers. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) A law passed in 1777 required able young men (except for slaves) to render military service to the colonies. They were trained in the basics of war and law enforcement and were also considered potential recruits for short military offensives in the frontier.Land grants were often provided in exchange for able soldiering, turning the military into an attractive prospect for laborers with no property of their own and their sons. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) But the American Revolution left some problems unresolved, if not created new ones. The Americans remained divided on the topic of slavery (Brinkley150). Slavery was abolished in states where either slavery was minimal or was non-existent at all, such as in New England and Pennsylvania, respectively (Brinkley 150).Even the South experienced pressure to rectify or even abolish the custom. All southern states except South Carolina and Georgia banned further importation of slaves from other countries, while South Carolina also prohibited slave trade during the war (Brinkley 150). Virginia created a law calling for manumission (the freeing of slaves) (Brinkley 150). However, slavery still survived in all southern and border states. The American Revolution also did little to promote the rights of women.Although the war made it easier for women in some states to obtain divorces and allowed women in New Jersey to vote, they still remained inferior and dependent on men (Brinkley 147). They had no access to education and h ad no legal protection from abusive and tyrannical men (Brinkley 146). Married women had no property rights of their own, making it difficult for widows of revolutionaries to regain their dowries from their husbands' estates (Brinkley 147). Aside from the issues of slaver and the emancipation of women, the Americans had to deal with post-war economic depression as well.(http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) The hostilities left Americans with a host of economic problems, such as shortage of currency, high taxes, nagging creditors, farm foreclosures and bankruptcies. (http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) Increasing poverty at this period led to rebellion and violence. On August 31, 1786, to avoid the trial and imprisonment of debtors, former war captain Daniel Shays led an armed throng and stopped the Northampton Court from observing a hearing (Shays was already an impoverished farmer at the time of the revolt).Shays and his followers later instigated several related uprisings. Th e American Revolution served as a model for later revolutions in Europe and Latin America. It served as the primary influence in the French Revolution (1798-1799), the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) and the South American wars of independence (Venezuela – 1811; Argentina – 1810 and Chile – 1810). But the most important lesson it taught was that while the oppressed can free themselves from a tyrant, they should ensure that they deserve the freedom that they won. Works Cited Brinkley, Alan.A Survey: American History. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2007. â€Å"Essay on Declaration of Independence and American History. † n. d. Megaessays. com. 16 January 2007 . â€Å"Sugar Act. † n. d. Social Studies for Kids. 15 January 2008 . â€Å"A Summary of the 1765 Stamp Act. † n. d. Colonial Williamsburg. 15 January 2008 . â€Å"A New Nation: 1784 to 1790. † n. d. The History Place. 15 January 2008. â€Å"Three Branches of Government. † n . d. Utah Education Network. 15 January 2008 . â€Å"Early American Governments and the Confederation. † n. d. Grazian-Archive. com. 15 January 2008 . â€Å"The US Army and the Founding of the Republic. † n. d. AmericanRevolution. com 16 January 2008 .

Mahatma Gandhi’s Nonviolent Movement Against the British...

A hero is a man or woman that sets an admirable example for people around them. There are heroes in every field, every region and every walk of life that demonstrated these traits and qualities. Countless examples prove the same principle in every case. There are many examples throughout history of heroes who lived their message, made sacrifices and served their people well. The timeless examples of modern history include Mahatma Gandhi’s nonviolent movement against the British occupation of India. Mahatma Gandhi has inspired people all around the world to be better people by peacefully reconciling their differences and looking for common grounds. He practiced love and forgiveness towards his friends and enemies. This is a great example of†¦show more content†¦The first thing that distinguishes heroes from ordinary people is that they have particular morals and they can be defined by these morals. Heroes must be ethical in order to be different from others. Being resp ectful is one of the most valuable ethics that heroes could have. In addition, heroes must be helpful and they must be able to help people at any time. Tollefson states in his article, Is a Hero Really Nothing but a Sandwich? that heroes devote their abilities for others more than they do for themselves (Tollefson, 1993). In other words, heroes dedicate their own high capabilities to people other than themselves. Consequently, heroes can be known by their morals and principles. Secondly, heroism also requires courage; the courage of doing the right thing and the courage to stick to their core purpose. Polster writes in her article, Eves Daughters that In truth, she simply considers the risk of death or injury to be less important than her purpose (Polster, 2001). In other words, heroes believe so firmly in their purpose that they are willing to sacrifice their lives in its pursuit. Thus, this unwavering courage sets the difference between a hero and a follower. Courage means the ability to move forward in the face of risks, uncertainty and possibility of loss. People feel immense respect towards the heroes for their willingness to conquer fear and do the right thing every time. Subsequently, courage is a keyShow MoreRelatedMahatma Gandhi And The Indian Independence Movement1009 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we hear the word ‘India’, the first thing that comes to mind is Mahatma Gandhi. The word ‘Mahatma’ is a literal translation to: great sage, a saint, a person to be considered as a messiah (Gandhi, 2011, P4). Descriptions such as freedom fighter, warrior for justice and activist are just three popular terms that describe Mohandas Gandhi today. But are all these descriptions true? Mahatma Gandhi is revered by mainstream opinion as a Jesus like figure. The media and in particular, Richard AttenboroughRead MoreThe Power of the Pen2028 Words   |  9 Pagesthe pen is mightier than the sword. Throughout history many important leaders have demonstrated that the power of writing is stronger than the tyranny of man. These men were often incarcerated for fighting for what they believed in. Heroes like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela are a few of many who fought injustice or unfair living conditions and made a difference in the lives of their fellow men by speaking out through their writings. Jimmy Santiago Baca is also a man who hasRead MoreIndian Foreign Policy: Non Alignment in the Midst of the Cold War5579 Words   |  23 Pageswith the creation of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961. Non Alignment stands for the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries in their struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics. Of these countries that follow the doctrine of non-alignment India is of great importance not only becauseRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmode of escape from oppression and poverty and, in many instances, as an avenue toward advancement for an unprecedented number of people that soared well into the hundreds of millions by century’s end. But for a clear majority of these migrants, movement was coerced by flight from war and oppression or was enticed by labor recruiters who preyed on the desperately poor. The prospects for the great majority were almost invariably lives of drudge labor in urban sweatshops, on tropical plantations